The Spectator

Who was the first to wear a face mask?

[iStock] 
issue 10 July 2021

Mask crusader

Who first wore a medical face mask?

— The beaked outfits worn by plague doctors aside, the first doctor to wear a mask was the French abdominal surgeon Paul Berger in 1897. His mask, made from six layers of gauze, was inspired by the work of German microbiologist Carl Flugge, who had revealed what a good breeding ground saliva is for bacteria. Berger delivered a paper on masks to the Surgical Society of Paris in 1899, after which they were adopted in other countries.

Penalty points

How many penalties are scored in the European Football Championship and World Cup?

— The overall scoring rate is 75%. In shootouts to decide the outcome of drawn matches, the first player to take a penalty has scored 80% of the time.

— The most popular place for a right-footed player to aim a penalty is into the bottom left-hand corner. The least popular place is above the goalkeeper’s left shoulder.

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