Sean Mcglynn

Singeing the King of Spain’s beard was one provocation too many

According to a new history of the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth I was chiefly to blame for the crisis of 1588

Queen Elizabeth I: The Armada portrait. [Alamy]
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  • Armada: The Spanish Enterprise and England’s Deliverance in 1588

    Colin Martin and Geoffrey Parker

    Yale, pp. 718, £30

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