How did revolution become Istanbul’s new normal?

On a recent weekend I was thinking of taking my sons to downtown Istanbul to do some bazaar browsing. ‘Bad idea’,  a fellow expatriate warned me, ‘revolution on Taxim Square. Again.’ Revolt has become the new normal in Istanbul, a constant of urban life to be followed like the weather. Every few months the ritual dance erupts, chanting crowds on one side and sinister and well-drilled riot police on the other, followed by water cannon and the artillery-like noise of tear-gas canisters being fired into the crowd.

How has Turkey come to this? Twelve years ago, Turkey’s then-new prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan promised to be an ‘Islamic Democrat’ in the sense that Germany’s Christian Democrats were Christians. ‘The West was looking to Turkey as an experimental marriage between democracy and Islam,’ writes Alev Scott in her new book, Turkish Awakening. And for nearly a decade it seemed to work: Turkey was accepted as an official candidate member to the EU, Erdogan dismantled the political influence of the army, foreign investment poured in and Turkey became Europe’s most dynamic and fastest growing economy.