Helen Carr

From persecuted to persecutors: the story of early Christianity

There is no redemption in this account of the birth of Latin Christendom, with ‘heretics’ suffering cruelly for the beliefs, just as Christian martyrs had under the Romans

A 13th-century miniature of Minerve in the Languedoc, a ‘heretic’ town besieged by Simon de Montfort during the Albigensian Crusade. [Getty Images] 
issue 29 July 2023

Dante travels through the circles of Hell, guided by Virgil. At the summit of the mountain of Purgatory, Virgil abandons him, leaving him with Beatrice, the woman Dante loved. With Beatrice’s smile, Dante is transported to Paradise, experiencing astral bliss as he soars through the cosmos. But Beatrice must leave him at the approach to the Eternal Fountain: for him to glimpse her smile further would be to incinerate him with its divinity.

The relationship between humanity and divinity lies at the heart of this new history of the Middle Ages. Mark Gregory Pegg’s vignettes of martyrs, theologians, scholastics and secular figures illustrate the development of Christianity in the West after the collapse of the Roman empire, and the making of Latin Christendom.

The period that Pegg covers begins in 203 and ends in 1431 – with two young women, Vibia Perpetua and Jeanne la Pucelle (Joan of Arc). Their commonality is their demise, martyrdom – Perpetua as a Christian and Joan as an accused heretic.

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