Peter Jones

Ancient Rome’s fraudulent foreign students

Modern lessons from a fourth-century tax dodge

issue 15 February 2014

Foreign students getting on to courses under false pretences, overstaying their welcome and so on are nothing new. Ask the Romans.

In the 4th century AD, the Roman empire was tottering, and Diocletian decided to sort it out. The resulting increase in bureaucracy led to a large rise in taxation. This laid a particularly heavy burden on the wallets of the wealthy who ran local government (the decuriones), because it was their duty not only to collect local taxes but also to make up any shortfall. But there were tax exemptions, one of which was for students — a luxury only the rich could afford. The result was a sudden enthusiasm for education. So in AD 370 Rome put procedures in place to check up on credentials:

‘All those who come to the city in the desire to learn shall first of all present to the Chief Tax Officer letters from the provincial judges who gave them permission to come.

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