After the Nice attack, Michel Houllebecq’s nightmare vision edges closer

I only got around to reading Michel Houellebecq’s Submission last month, a darkly amusing book about how France destabilises as it is caught between Islamic and nativist violence. It is, even by French standards, extremely pessimistic, but then who can blame them? When I visited France last summer, I noted just how many heavily armed police there were, even in the obscure western region we were staying at; more than I’d seen in any European country apart from Northern Ireland. The owner of the campsite, who was also a local official, explained that they were expecting something terrible to happen. Which it has done, twice now, this latter atrocity worse in many ways as it involved children.

France’s interior minister has already said France must get used to terror, which some might take as passive fatalism, but could also be realism. After all, ‘we’ are not going to defeat terrorism, not with politics, economics and certainly not tricolor avatars. The